a: 450 chia hết cho x

396 chia hết cho x

=>\(x\inƯC\left(450;396\right)\)

=>\(x\inƯ\left(18\right)\)(Vì ƯCLN(450;396)=18)

mà x>12

nên x=18

b: 285+x chia hết cho x

=>285 chia hết cho x(1)

306-x chia hết cho x

=>306 chia hết cho x(2)

Từ (1), (2) suy ra \(x\inƯC\left(285;306\right)\)

=>\(x\inƯ\left(3\right)\)

mà x>=3

nên x=3

c: x chia 8;12;16 đều dư 1

=>x-1 chia hết cho 8;12;16

=>\(x-1\in B\left(48\right)\)

mà 40<x<100

nên x-1=48 hoặc x-1=96

=>x=49 hoặc x=97

2:

a: Gọi d=ƯCLN(4n+7;2n+3)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4n+7⋮d\\2n+3⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4n+7⋮d\\4n+6⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow1⋮d\)

=>d=1

=>ƯCLN(4n+7;2n+3)=1

b: Gọi \(d=ƯCLN\left(3n+5;6n+9\right)\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3n+5⋮d\\6n+9⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6n+10⋮d\\6n+9⋮d\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(1⋮d\)

=>d=1

=>Đây là phân số tối giản

a: \(\Leftrightarrow x+3\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;4;-4;6;-6;12;-12\right\}\)

hay \(x\in\left\{-2;-4;-1;-5;0;-6;1;-7;3;-9;9;-15\right\}\)

Do x+21 \(⋮\)7

 Mà 21\(⋮\)7

=>x chia het cho 7

Tuong tu => x chia het cho 8,9

=> x la BC(7,8,9)=B(504)

a: \(x\in\left\{1;7\right\}\)

b: \(x+1=1\)

hay x=0

\(a,\Rightarrow x\inƯ\left(7\right)=\left\{-7;-1;1;7\right\}\\ b,\Rightarrow2\left(x+1\right)-1⋮x+1\\ \Rightarrow x+1\inƯ\left(1\right)=\left\{-1;1\right\}\\ \Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0\right\}\)

a: 

b: 

hay x=0

5.

$4x+3\vdots x-2$

$\Rightarrow 4(x-2)+11\vdots x-2$

$\Rightarrow 11\vdots x-2$

$\Rightarrow x-2\in \left\{1; -1; 11; -11\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{3; 1; 13; -9\right\}$

6.

$3x+9\vdots x+2$
$\Rightarrow 3(x+2)+3\vdots x+2$
$\Rightarrow 3\vdots x+2$

$\Rightarrow x+2\in \left\{1; -1; 3; -3\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{-1; -3; 1; -5\right\}$

7.

$3x+16\vdots x+1$

$\Rightarrow 3(x+1)+13\vdots x+1$

$\Rightarrow 13\vdots x+1$

$\Rightarrow x+1\in \left\{1; -1; 13; -13\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0; -2; 12; -14\right\}$

8.

$4x+69\vdots x+5$

$\Rightarrow 4(x+5)+49\vdots x+5$

$\Rightarrow 49\vdots x+5$

$\Rightarrow x+5\in\left\{1; -1; 7; -7; 49; -49\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{-4; -6; 2; -12; 44; -54\right\}$

** Bổ sung điều kiện $x$ là số nguyên.

1. $x+9\vdots x+7$

$\Rightarrow (x+7)+2\vdots x+7$

$\Rightarrow 2\vdots x+7$

$\Rightarrow x+7\in \left\{1; -1; 2; -2\right\}$

$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{-6; -8; -5; -9\right\}$

2. Làm tương tự câu 1

$\Rightarrow 9\vdots x+1$

3. Làm tương tự câu 1

$\Rightarrow 17\vdots x+2$
4. Làm tương tự câu 1

$\Rightarrow 18\vdots x+2$

B1

B = 5² . 4 - ( 18 + 6 . 7 ) : 81 : 3³

= 25 . 4 - ( 18 + 42 ) : 3⁴ : 3³

= 100 - 60 : 3

= 100 - 20

= 80

B2

5^x+1 + 52 = 6² + ( 7⁹ : 7⁷ - 2³ )

=> 5^x+1 + 52 = 36 + ( 7² - 8 )

=> 5^x+1 + 52 = 36 + 41

=> 5^x+1 + 52 = 77

=> 5^x+1 = 25

=> 5^x+1 = 5²

=> x + 1 = 2

=> x = 1

\(+)18⋮x-3\)

\(\Rightarrow x-3\inƯ\left(18\right)\)

mà \(Ư\left(18\right)=\left\{1;2;3;6;9;18\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x-3=1;x-3=6\\x-3=2;x-3=9\\x-3=3;x-3=18\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=4;x=9\\x=5;x=12\\x=6;x=21\end{cases}}\)

\(26⋮\left(x+1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\inƯ\left(26\right)\)

mà \(Ư\left(26\right)=\left\{1;2;13;26\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+1=1\\x+1=2\end{cases}}\orbr{\begin{cases}x+1=13\\x+1=26\end{cases}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=1\end{cases}}\orbr{\begin{cases}x=12\\x=25\end{cases}}\)